Original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective
Experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.
Activities related to general academic instruction, including creation of educational materials, course preparation, and grading
Scholarships and fellowships provided to undergraduate and graduate students
Programs or projects that involve the performance of work that is neither R&D nor Instruction, such as conferences and activities that provide a benefit to the public
This is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.