Chee-Wooi Ten

Contact

ten@mtu.edu
906-487-0397
EERC 612

Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Affiliated Professor, Applied Computing
PSERC Site Director and ICC CPS Center Director

PhD, Electrical Engineering, University College Dublin, 2009
MSc, Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, 2001
BSc, Electrical Engineering, Iowa State University, 1999

Biography

Prof. Ten’s research focuses on modeling rare but high-impact events in cyber-physical energy systems using risk analysis and data-driven methods. His work examines the interaction between electric power grids, electrified transportation, and distributed energy resources to enhance grid resilience and operational efficiency, including strategies that leverage battery storage and energy arbitrage. A central theme of this research is the development of cyber-informed engineering approaches that integrate cybersecurity considerations into the steady-state and dynamic analysis of bulk power systems. He received his degrees from Iowa State University and University College Dublin and has been with Michigan Technological University since 2010.

Links of Interest

Teaching Interests

Circuit/graph theory
Steady-state and dynamics of bulk power systems
Cyber-informed security engineering

Areas of Research Interest

Discipline: Power systems engineering

Power grid cybersecurity
Energy arbitrage
Attack/defense combinatorics

Publications (Reverse Chronological order)

Textbooks:

Turan Gönen, Chee-Wooi Ten, and Ali Mehrizi-Sani, Electric Power Distribution System Engineering, 4th Edition CRC, March 22, 2024.
Turan Gönen, Chee-Wooi Ten, and Yunhe Hou, Modern Power System Analysis, 3rd Edition, CRC, March 18, 2024.
Chee-Wooi Ten and Yachen Tang, Distribution Emergency Operation, CRC Press. Sep. 2018.

Book Chapters:

Koji Yamashita, Chee-Wooi Ten, and Lingfeng Wang, "Dynamical Analysis of CyberRelated Contingencies Initiated from Substations," under special edition of "Security for Cyber-Physical Systems: Vulnerability and Impact," edited by Hadis Karimipour, Pirathayini Srikantha, Hany Farag, and Jin Wei-Kocsis (the editors), pp. 223-246, Springer Publishing, July 2020. <10.1007/978-3-030-45541-5_12>.
Nathan Lau, Hao Wang, Ryan Gerdes, and Chee-Wooi Ten, “Securing Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Control Systems,” In A. Moallem (Ed.), Human Computer Interaction in Cybersecurity Handbook. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Oct. 2018. <10.1201/b22142-12>.
Chee-Wooi Ten and Yonghe Guo, “Cybersecurity of Distribution Devices and Systems,” in the Smart Grid Handbook, edited by Chen-Ching Liu, Stephen McArthur, and Seung-Jae Lee. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016, pp. 891-904. <10.1002/9781118755471.SGD011>.

Recent Journals:

Anna Stuhlmacher, Chee-Wooi Ten, Lawrence Dilworth, and Yachen Tang, “Operational Planning for Emerging Distribution Systems: A Unique Perspective on Grid Expansion,” Foundations and Trends 2024. <10.1561/3100000033>.
Zhiyuan Yang, Shipeng Zhang, Chee-Wooi Ten, Ting Liu, Hao Sun, and Xueyue Pang, “Implementation of Risk-Aggregated Substation Testbed Using Generative Adversarial Networks.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 677-689, Jan. 2023. <10.1109/TSG.2022.3192522>.
Pikkin Lau, Lingfeng Wang, Wei Wei, Zhaoxi Liu, and Chee-Wooi Ten, “A Novel Mutual Insurance Model for Hedging Against Cyber Risks in Power Systems Deploying Smart Technologies.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 630-642, Jan. 2023. <10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3164628>.
Koji Yamashita, Zhiyuan Yang, Chee-Wooi Ten, Soummya Kar, and Andrew Ginter, “Cascading Verification and Mitigation Initiated by the Switching Attacks through Compromised Digital Relays.” IET Smart Grid (Open Access). <10.1049/stg2.12062>.
Diego Aponte, Chee-Wooi Ten, Wayne Weaver, “Estimation of Affected Customers and Load Loss Under Wind Storms in the Caribbean Region.” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 3226-3236, Jun. 2022. <10.1109/JSYST.2021.3113814>.
Pikkin Lau, Lingfeng Wang, Zhaoxi Liu, Wei Wei, and Chee-Wooi Ten, “A Coalitional Cyber-Insurance Design Considering Power System Reliability and Cyber Vulnerability.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 5512-5524, May 2021. <10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3078730>.
Junho Hong, Ramya Karnati, Chee-Wooi Ten, Soonwoo Lee, and Sungsoo Choi, “Implementation of Secure Sampled Value (SeSV) Message in Substation Automation System.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 405-414, Feb. 2021. <10.1109/TPWRD.2021.3061205>.
Zhaoxi Liu, Wei Wei, Lingfeng Wang, Chee-Wooi Ten, and Yeonwoo Rho, “An Actuarial Framework for Power System Reliability Considering Cybersecurity Threats.” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 851-864, Mar. 2021. <10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3018701>.
Pikkin Lau, Wei Wei, Lingfeng Wang, Zhaoxi Liu, and Chee-Wooi Ten, “A Cybersecurity Insurance Model for Power System Reliability Considering Optimal Defense Resource Allocation.” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 4403- 4414, Sep. 2020. <10.1109/TSG.2020.2992782>.
Koji Yamashita, Chee-Wooi Ten, Yeonwoo Rho, Lingfeng Wang, Wei Wei, and Andrew Ginter, “Measuring Systemic Risk of Switching Attacks based on Cybersecurity Technologies in Substations,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 4206-4219, Nov. 2020 <10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2986452>.

Funding (Reverse Chronological Order)

Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), Vinh Nguyen (PI), Aleksandr Sergeyev (Co-PI), Yu Cai (Co-PI), and Nicholas Hendrickson (Co-PI), “Demonstration of Secure Digitalization and Cybersecurity Playbook for Energy-Efficient Smart Manufacturing,” CyManII, Mar. 1, 2024 – Sep. 30, 2025. Total Amount: $704,409.
Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), with Iowa State University as the lead institution, UIUC, UMN, utility companies, vendors, and national labs, “CyDERMS: Center for Cybersecurity & Resiliency of DERs and Microgrids-integrated Distribution Systems,” Department of Energy (DOE) Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER) University-Based Cybersecurity Centers (DE-FOA-0002503), Feb. 1, 2024 – Jan. 31, 2026. Total Amount: $2,000,000 (MTU portion is $105,000).
Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), Flavio Costa (PI), and Wayne Weaver (Co-PI), “Grid Emulation in Campus Buildings Incorporating Distributed Renewables and Vehicle/Battery Charging,” Michigan Tech Research Excellence Fund (REF) – Research Seed (RS) Grants, Jul. 1, 2023 – Jun. 30, 2024. Total Amount: $33,530 (ICC cost share: $3,000).
Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), Kuilin Zhang (PI), Tim Colling (Co-PI), “A Decarbonized and Resilient Intermodal Freight Transportation (DRIFT) Modeling Platform for Intermodal Logistical Decisions under Uncertainty,” US Department of Energy, ARPA-E, 10/27/2023 – 4/30/2025. Total amount for Michigan Tech is $1,050,000.
Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), Vinh Nguyen (PI), Yu Cai (Co-PI), Nicholas V. Hendrickson (Co-PI), “An OT Cybersecurity Web Portal for Small-to-Medium Manufacturers,” Manufacturing x Digital (MxD), the Digital Manufacturing Institute, 9/21/2023 – 6/21/2024. Total amount for Michigan Tech is $337,540 (total value of project is $675,074 including 50% cost share).
Chee-Wooi Ten (PI), “I-Corps: Development of a Power Substation Blackbox,” National Science Foundation, 9/1/2022 – 8/31/2023. Total amount for Michigan Tech is $50,000.
Chee-Wooi Ten (PI), “Minimum Viable Product (MVP) for blackbox solutions,” Great Lakes Region I-Corps Hub Workshop for MVP award, 6/3/2022 – 8/15/2023. Total amount for the PI is $5,000.
Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), “PSERC Summer Transformation School,” Alfred F. Sloan Foundation through Arizona State University, 12/1/2021 – 12/31/2022. $34,050 of $250,000.
Chee-Wooi Ten (PI), “Local I-Corps workshop #3,” Great Lakes Region I-Corps Hub Workshop for NSF I-Corps mini-grant, 9/13/2021 – 8/31/2023. Total amount for the PI is $2,500.
Chee-Wooi Ten (PI), “Proposal to join PSERC: Addressing Research Ecosystem, Its Sustainability and Industry Engagement,” Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC). Michigan Tech has been granted approval by PSERC executive committee on April 29, 2021. Tech is now one new member of the 13 PSERC institutions, which is eligible to participate in bidding seed grants for Ph.D. students.
Chee-Wooi Ten (Co-PI), Yu Cai (PI), Jean Mayo (Co-PI), Todd Arney (Co-PI), and Bo Chen (Co-PI), “CyberCorps: Scholarship for Service Program at Michigan Tech,” National Science Foundation, 4/1/2021 – 3/31/2026. Total amount for Michigan Tech is $3,378,192.

Presentations

Chee-Wooi Ten, “Risk-Based Assessment of Cyber-Physical Power Grid” Presented at 6th Annual Utility Cyber Security Forum, Chicago, IL, Thursday, Mar. 21, 2024,11:30am-12:00pm.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Strategic Planning in Establishing Future Grid Resilience” Presented at IEEE ISGT LA, San Juan, PR, Wednesday, November 8 ,2023 4:40pm to 5:40pm.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Risk Management for Cyber-Physical Systems of Interconnected Power Grid” Presented to Institute for Sensing and Embedded Network Systems Engineering (I-SENSE) of Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, Oct. 19, 2023.
Chee-Wooi Ten, Flavio Costa, Alexandra Newman, and Daniel Bienstock “How Non-Convergent Power Flow Cases Inform Planners: Hypotheses on Cyber-Induced Contingency” Presented to Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) Summer Workshop, Houghton, MI, USA, Jul. 31 — Aug. 1, 2023.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Extended Contingencies Against Coordinated Attacks” Presented to Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) Summer Tutorial (1.5 hours), [Online], USA, Jul. 26, 2023.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Strategic Investment Planning for Cyberinfrastructure” Presented to Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) Webinar, [Online], Jan. 25, 2022.
Chee-Wooi Ten, co-presented with Prof. Junqiao Qiu “Attack Combinations” Presented to CS Department Lecture, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA, Nov. 19, 2021.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “How does cybersecurity actuarial science inform risk hedging between utilities and insurers?” Presented to Institute of Public Utilities (IPU) Grid School, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, Sep. 29, 2021.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “IT/OT Convergence in Power Industry,” Presented to IEEE R4 Section 27 Webinar #2 chaired by Prof. Aurenice Oliveira, May 13, 2021, 6:30pm. This event is regular event for IEEE Northeastern Wisconsin region.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Session 2: Privacy and Cyber-Physical Security,” co-moderating with Prof. Kate Davis of Texas A&M University Presented to NSF/PSERC Grid Edge 2021 organized by PSERC (online via Zoom virtual event), Mar. 23-24, 2021, 6:00pm. This event is exclusive (invitation only) together with other US research-active faculty members (both PSERC/non-PSERC faculty members).
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Ahead of (Cybersecurity) Curve,” co-organized with Prof. Junho Hong of University of Michigan-Dearborn Presented to Husky Bites Webinar Series organized by MTU Dean Janet Callahan, Spring 2021, Houghton, MI, Feb. 22, 2021, 6:00pm.
Chee-Wooi Ten, “Panel 1: Smart Grid Cybersecurity: Challenges and Opportunities,” Presented to CyberPhysical Systems (CPS) Security Workshop, Kingston, RI, Oct. 18-19, 2019.

Recent Projects

All funding enumerated above pertains to ongoing projects. Generally, my research projects focus on risk management, integrating data-driven and physics-based modeling. I particularly explore the interactions of power grids with robotics and transportation systems for decarbonization and electrification, emphasizing energy security, efficiency, and work productivity. Recently, I have been interested in establishing cyber-informed security engineering strategies, with a focus on understanding the practical aspects of NERC CIP and articulating pain points with solutions.

Courses

I primarily teach graduate-level courses and senior electives, but I also teach undergraduate sophomore-year classes. These include Electric Circuits I and II, Power System Analysis II, Computer and Network Security, Distribution Engineering I and II, Energy Control Center Applications, and Power System Dynamics and Stability. I maintain these courses with a continued effort of research productivity from projects, carefully updating them each semester.

Teaching Statement

In my teaching philosophy, I believe in rewarding improvements. I strive to create a supportive environment where students feel encouraged to take risks, make mistakes, and learn from them. I believe that every student has the potential to improve, and I aim to provide constructive feedback and recognition for their efforts. I also emphasize the importance of a growth mindset and interactive learning, encouraging students to see challenges as opportunities for growth and learning. By rewarding improvements, I hope to inspire and motivate students to reach their full potential.