How the Budget Model Works

This page provides a conceptual overview of how the budget model works. It is intended to explain the logic and structure—not finalize specific formulas or outcomes.

Core Building Blocks

1. Revenue Sources

University resources come from multiple sources, including:

  • Tuition and fees
  • State appropriations
  • Research funding
  • Gifts and endowment support
  • Auxiliary operations

The model defines how these revenues are categorized and understood.

2. Expense Categories

Expenses are grouped into major categories such as:

  • Instruction and academic support
  • Research
  • Student support
  • Administrative and central services
  • Facilities and infrastructure

Clear definitions help ensure consistency and transparency.

3. Funds Flow

“Funds flow” describes how revenues move through the institution to support activities.

The model documents:

  • Which revenues support central services
  • Which revenues are attributed to units
  • How shared costs are recognized

This clarity is essential for understanding tradeoffs and incentives.4. Central vs. unit responsibilities

4. Central vs. Unit Responsibilities

Some costs are best managed centrally; others are managed at the unit level.

The budget model:

  • Clearly distinguishes these responsibilities
  • Makes central services visible rather than implicit
  • Supports informed discussions about service levels and costs

5. Incentives and Tradeoffs

Every budget model creates incentives—intentionally or unintentionally.

Design considerations include:

  • Enrollment growth and mix
  • Research activity
  • Space and facilities usage
  • Administrative efficiency

The goal is to align incentives with institutional priorities.

6. Decision Support (Not Decision-Making)

The model provides tools to:

  • Test scenarios
  • Understand impacts before decisions are made
  • Support leadership and governance discussions

It does not replace judgment, governance, or academic leadership.

What Comes Next

As the initiative progresses, this page will be updated with:

  • Examples and visuals
  • Clarified definitions
  • Summaries of agreed-upon principles