APS LABS applies life-cycle assessment methods to evaluate the environmental impacts of advanced propulsion and electrification technologies across manufacturing, energy supply, and operational phases. In the Mackinac Island Ferry electrification study, APS LABS quantified well-to-wheel and embodied emissions for diesel and battery-electric configurations, demonstrating how grid mix, battery production, and duty cycle influence total greenhouse gas outcomes.
Figure 1.CO2 emissions for BEV and IC engine configurations of the Mackinac Island ferry assuming power electronics efficiency, propulsion motor efficiency, and EVSE efficiency to be 100%.
Additional work on a heavy-duty off-road material handler integrated life-cycle emissions modeling with electrification architecture selection and cost-of-carbon-abatement analysis, enabling direct comparison of alternative propulsion systems on both environmental and economic bases. Together, these efforts demonstrate APS LABS’ capability to deliver rigorous, decision-oriented LCA and carbon impact assessments to support sustainable technology selection.
Read more about a few of our recent LCA studies: